Dirt floors can kill you. This graduate might have a solution.

More than one billion people live in homes with unsanitary dirt floors. This U.S. business school graduate aims to change that, starting in Rwanda.

This story appears in the January 2020 issue of National Geographic magazine.

Days after graduating from business school at Stanford University in 2014, Gayatri Datar set off for Rwanda to pursue an unorthodox goal: to rid the world of dirt floors, which can make people sick.

“There are bugs all over the place. Termites. Jiggers. Worms,” she explains. “Babies don’t have diapers, so kids poop and pee on the floors. They’re hard to clean. They don’t look good. People hate them.” Yet more than one billion people live on dirt because they can’t afford anything better.

Datar’s start-up nonprofit, EarthEnable, sells an earthen floor made of locally sourced clay, pebbles, and sand, sealed with a proprietary eco-friendly varnish. It costs about $70 per home, far less than concrete.

EarthEnable floor technician Jean Pierre Ngarama, also known as a floorman, demonstrates the first step in building an earthen floor: getting the right mix of sand, clay, and water.
EarthEnable floor technician Jean Pierre Ngarama, also known as a floorman, demonstrates the first step in building an earthen floor: getting the right mix of sand, clay, and water.

EarthEnable struggled at first. Getting raw materials to rural villages proved costly. Masons had to be trained to install the floors. Quality was spotty. Datar, 34, says: “Everything that could go wrong did go wrong.”

These days EarthEnable is faring better. More than 4,400 earthen floors have been installed, Datar reports, and customers love them. EarthEnable has raised money from foundations, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and a Dutch competition that supports green entrepreneurs. Best of all, Datar is working closely with Rwandan government officials who say they too want to eliminate dirt floors.

This story was supported by a grant from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.

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